Le Havre is a city in Normandy, northern France, on the English Channel, at the mouth of the Seine.
Population of the city (commune) at the 1999 census was 190,905 inhabitants (186,700 inhabitants as of February 2004 estimates). Population of the whole metropolitan area at the 1999 census was 296,773 inhabitants.
It was the port-of-call for French ocean liners making the Transatlantic crossing (cf Cruise ship and ferry ship). Le Havre is known as "La Porte Océane". It is the largest city in Normandy before Rouen. It is the second largest export port in France.
The city was devastated during the Battle of Normandy: 5,000 people were killed and 12,000 homes were totally destroyed. The center was rebuilt in modernist style by Auguste Perret.
Le Havre has been classified as a World Heritage Site since July 2005. The city has one university and a strong sporting heritage, with “Le HAC”, the oldest professional association football club in France.
The city was founded in 1517, when it was named Franciscopolis after Francis I of France, and subsequently named Le Havre-de-Grâce ("Harbor of Grace"; hence Havre de Grace, Maryland). Le Havre simply means the harbour or the port.
Its construction was ordered to replace the ancient harbours of Honfleur and Harfleur whose utility had decreased due to silting. The history of the city is inextricably linked to its harbour. In the 18th century, as trade from the West Indies was added to that of France and Europe, Le Havre began to grow. During the 19th century, it became an industrial center.
Museums:
Musée des Beaux-Arts André Malraux - this museum houses a collection of art spanning the past five centuries. There are paintings by Claude Monet and other artists who lived and worked in Normandy. Some of the paintings are from Eugène Delacroix, Gustave Courbet, Edgar Degas, Édouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Georges Seurat, Raoul Dufy, Alfred Sisley. One of the museum's latest purchases is Vague, par temps d'orage by Gustave Courbet. The collection of Olivier Senn (1864-1959), given to the museum in 2004, contains more than 205 paintings.
Other museums: Musée du Vieux Havre, Musée d'histoire naturelle (Museum of Natural History)